Walmart Diversity Essay Example

Walmart Diversity Essay Example Walmart Diversity Paper Walmart Diversity Paper | Wal-Mart’s Diversity| Course Research Paper| | Alicia B. Clennan| 647 Pilgrim Dr. San Antonio, [emailprotected] com210-912-4537GM 591: Leadership and Organizational BehaviorProfessor Marco  Faggione| 12/12/2010 | Wal-Mart’s Diversity Introduction The organizational that will be the topic of discussion in my final project paper is Wal-Mart Corporate. Wal-Mart was founded in 1962, with the opening of the first Wal-Mart discount store in Rogers, Ark. The company incorporated as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc on Oct 31, 1969. The company grew to 276 stores in all states by the end of the decade. In 1983, the company opened its first Sam’s Club membership warehouse and in 1988 opened the first supercenter. Wal-Mart became international company in 1991 when it opened its first Sam’s club. Wal-Mart serves customers and members more than 200 million times per week at more than 8,692 retail units under 55 different banners in 15 countries. With fiscal year 2010 sales of $ 405 billion, Wal-Mart employs 2. 1 million associates worldwide. I am a sales associate at Wal-Mart in the jewelry department. I was hired in June of 2010 and I was not familiar with the corporation yet. However, I recognize how well the organization performs. Wal-Mart believes that business wins, when everyone matters and the true strength of diversity is unleashed, when each associate is encouraged to reach their full potential. As for as with Wal-Mart’s Diversity, personally I am not so familiar and only experience in a not so much with their purpose due to being employed in a span of four months. Research shows other issues with Wal-Mart’s ethical diversity. Wal-Mart is always under the microscope when it comes to discrimination. Evidence shows that there are complaints about favoritism, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination. These unethical issues are a problem in today’s occupation society. Problem Statement Wal-Mart has been a target of criticism for its employment practices and its effect on the larger economy and community. There are several incidents mentioned on the web and in court cases. At my Wal-Mart, I have noticed favoritism. Favoritism between managers and employees is a big problem in Wal-Mart. One way of thinking of favoritism is getting called to do the more responsibility type of work. This is like trying to be friends with the boss to get higher in the employment ladder. The managers seemed to have certain picks between subordinates about who gets the special attention. Like I said, I have noticed this act at my Wal-Mart. Most of the night shift girls are friends with one of the night managers at my Wal-Mart. I noticed them going out of their way to please this supervisor. There is an organization called Wal-Mart Watch which began a nationwide public education campaign to challenge the world’s largest retailer, Wal-Mart, to become a better employer, neighbor, and corporate citizen. This organization lets employees (former and present) leave blogs on â€Å"Wal-Mart Speaks Out† discussing issues they see in their Wal-Mart. One individual with the initial RR wrote writes: I was passed over at least five times for promotions because the only people that were getting promotions were the drinking buddies of a manager. She has since been fired; I was a union steward for 20 years in California and have never seen such disregard for labor laws. In this town, in retail if you are injured at work you are fired; this doesn’t only happen at Wal-Mart in [Colorado], it happens at all the grocery stores. I am outraged that they aren’t being forced to treat their employee’s better. With this information, it is unaccepted in the workforce. This can be considered unprofessional relationship in the workforce. It is almost as serious as a manager or a supervisor is having an affair with one of their workers. Favoritism also leads to other problems. These other problems have been reported of happening. Sexual harassment and discrimination for males vs. females have been reported about Wal-Mart. Several cases have been seen through the court systems. One example that will be mentioned later on in the report is of a sexual harassment case that took place in Crosby, TX. Another example that I will mention about in the discrimination of female workers, is about a gender discrimination lawsuit that was the largest in U. S. history. It happened to be about women not getting promoted and pay equally to men. Sexual harassment in the workforce is unacceptable. Wal-Mart has its share of complaints. In Crosby, TX, a former Wal-Mart employee had sued Wal-Mart for sexual harassment from her supervisor. Theil (2008) reported that a former employee named Jenna Aryain of Wal-Mart was sexually harassed by her supervisor. The incident happened on February 25, 2005 as a cashier. Aryain said that for four months her supervisor, Darrel Hays allegedly subjected her to appalling remarks every day. Her supervisor committed her about her looks and made sexual advances to her. Ms. Aryain allegedly complained to another supervisor and no action was taken by Wal-Mart. On June, 20, 2005, her supervisor allegedly yelled at her during work. She left work early that day and told her parents what had happened. Her father called the store manager, Gwendolyn Furr and Chelly Whiddon, an assistant manager, to arrange a meeting to discuss what was going on. Supervisors are much as guilty as the employee. Most supervisors have favorite employees that they count on with certain tasks. When an energetic employee is in your organization, most supervisors call upon them to do the task because they know that it will get done. Your other employees may have the same qualities as the energetic person so they felt left out. (Bielous, 1997) Literature Review Sexual Harassment Prevention Training Manual for Managers and Supervisors by Gibson (1998) guides the upper management on the importance of a sexually harassed free work environment. It lets managers know that the best defense for the sexually harassment subject is an offensive approach. There are actions that companies must take in order to eliminate sexual harassment. By creating a zero tolerance policy against sexual harassment and other inappropriate conduct by company managers and supervisors. Why is it important that managers and supervisors learn this subject? There is an automatic liability on the company if a manager or a supervisor is accused of sexual harassment or doesn’t stop it from happening. There is a law that makes it clear that prevention and elimination of sexual harassment is a must in the workplace. Gibson (1998) also writes that if a victim started the conversation of sex talk that they can claim sexual harassment at any time. A hostile work environment can be considered abusive if the behavior becomes severe or pervasive. Flirting or vulgar language is merely annoying and may not be hostile enough to take legal action, but it usually considered prohibited by company policy. Also a romantic relationship between management and subordinates is not against the law. If one does exist it cannot get out of hand. Getting out of hand may be determined as favoritism in the workforce. The relationship must be consensual between both parties in order to prevent harassment. A hostile environment in the workplace can consist of sexual play while on the clock. In the handbook that Gibson (1998) wrote, he mentions steps a company can take in preventing sexual harassment. First off, a company needs to have a strict written policy prohibiting sexual harassment. The policy should also define, provide examples, outline a procedure for reporting with several avenues to bypass his or her supervisor, mention assurance that all cases will be taken seriously, guarantee all cases have adverse consequences like discharge to the harasser, and all supervisory personnel to immediately report and sexual harassment. Along with a written policy, the company must train each employee on sexual harassment to avoid any pitfalls. The company needs establish an effective procedure for handling sexual harassment complaints. One good idea mentioned is to designate two individuals, one male and one female, in handling the complaints. Some individual feel more comfortable talking to someone of the same sex. Monitoring your management staff for anti-harassment behavior is a good idea or even including EEO preventive practices in daily routines. The organization should quickly investigate all claims and observed conduct. Feel free to give the victim time off to gather their thoughts to prevent them from quitting or suing the company. Separating the victim from the harasser may sound like a good idea, but be careful in where you put the victim. If the victim doesn’t like the area because of disadvantages of moving, it could be considered retaliation. The organizations should take all complaints seriously, even though it did happen five years ago. The employee can’t sue because of the time length; still the organization can make sure that the incident still needs to be controlled. The organization needs to have all sexually harassment cases documented for legal reasons. Valid documents may consist of statement from witnesses, complainant, and the alleged harasser. Other documents may include what the employer did to resolve the conflict. The company should make sure all confidentiality be taken to prevent further liability. Upper management should make sure that no retaliation takes place. In chapter eight, Gibson (1998) mentions an effective way to handle the complaint of sexual harassment. The organization needs to take the complaint seriously. Don’t be judgmental about the case even if the complaint comes from a chronic complainer. The company can be liable on how they handle the sexual harassment complaint. Try to put the victim at ease and assure with confidentiality. Assure the victim that non-retaliation is intolerable and should be reported. Handle all cases with action even though the victim asks that no action should take place to the harasser. The company can still be held reliable. Conducting an in-depth sexual harassment investigation can be difficult Gibson (1998) mentions. An immediate investigation by a neutral person should be handled as quickly as possible. This person is usually a member of the HRO or EEO. Other managers or supervisors should know what is going on in case they are asked to assist. Keep an investigation under general guidelines such as treating all cases separate, keep them valid until proven frivolous, protect the victim from further harm, document complete and accurate, keep all fact a â€Å"need to know† basis, limit the number of people who have access to the information, tell all parties to keep the case confidential, and never broadcast the facts as a training tool. If the case of the harassment to be found true, take prompt corrective action. Consider case by case on the severity of punishment to the harasser. If the victim doesn’t get discharge, warn them that next time a discharge will occur. Inform all results to effective parties in order to protect privacy. Make sure you follow up on all cases to make sure no one has been retaliated. Sometimes the investigator may come to some special circumstance when trying to resolve situations. If the accused wants a lawyer, assure them that there is no need for one and they are not required to have one. Also if there was no witness to the alleged claim, the investigator must take the credibility of the parties when determining the outcome. If the claim can’t be determined if it happened or not, then education to both parties must take place about sexual harassment. Further assure the victim that his or her employment conditions won’t be retaliated. Make sure the complaint is filed for legal reasons. If the claim turns out to be false, determine if the person deliberately lied or simply misread the conduct. Disciplining someone who misinterpreted the action may think they were retaliated, and the company could be held responsible. The law for gender discrimination makes it clear on what is expected in the workforce. Corporations are abided to follow laws and regulations in the United States. US Code Section 2000E-2: Unlawful employment practices (a) Employer practices It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer (1) to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individuals race, color, religion,sex, or national origin; or (2) to limit, segregate, or classify his employees or applicants for employment in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individuals race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Analysis Ethical concept in the workforce keeps the organization is regarded as good character and conduct. We need to make ethical decisions based on focuses of moral dilemmas. Moral problems is that of an ethical consequences of a decision that was made. Ethical leadership is a responsibility that managers and supervisors must abide by. These responsibilities may include caring, honesty, principled, fairness, and balanced choices. Favoritism, does not match under those qualities. Favoritism is the soul issue that Wal-Mart faces today. I have seen favoritism in my workplace. Also favoritism is being viewed at all Wal-Marts around the world. With the other issues that Wal-Mart faces, sexual harassment and gender discrimination, favoritism is usually the root of the problems. Favoritism is more likely to be inevitable in any organization. Organizations should try to reduce them as much as possible. Emotional conflict is difficulties within oneself that arises because of anger, mistrust, dislike, fear, and resentment. Emotional conflict can the energy out of a person and can be distracting. You may see this emotional distress in teams, among co-workers, and in superior-subordinate relationship. There are certain levels of the conflict. One level of conflict you may have is interpersonal conflict. This is a conflict between two or more people. Sexual harassment may become an interpersonal conflict. When your supervisor makes sexual remarks or advances to an employee, conflict arises. When sexual harassment occurs it puts emotional stress on the victim. The victim feels anger toward the incident. Sexual harassment is intimidation, bullying or coercion of a sexual nature, or the unwelcome or inappropriate promise of rewards in exchange for sexual favors. That person will start feeling resentment in that did she do something wrong to cause the harassment. Effects of sexual harassment can vary depending on the individual, and the severity and duration of the harassment. Often, sexual harassment incidents fall into the category of the merely annoying. However, many situations can, and do, have life-altering effects particularly when they involve severe/chronic abuses, and/or retaliation against a victim who does not submit to the harassment, or who complains about it openly. Indeed, psychologists and social workers report that severe/chronic sexual harassment can have the same psychological effects as rape or sexual assault. Stereotyping is a commonly held popular belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of stereotype and prejudice are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. Gender diversity is the proportion of males to females in the workplace. Corporations may have more of an even distribution or the employee pool is composed of mostly males or mostly females. This can have an effect on how people interact and behave with one another in the workplace and would impact culture and social environment. Similarly other demographics such as population, racial characteristics and such all contribute to the work environment. Though gender discrimination and sexism refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Sex discrimination, on the other hand, may have legal consequences. Though what constitutes sex discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. Discrimination of that nature in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Currently, discrimination based on sex is defined as adverse action against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. This is considered a form of prejudice and is illegal in the United States. Wal-Mart’s reports on gender discrimination of women in their corporation are illegal and should be taken care of. Like every class-action ruling, the certification should not be construed in any manner as a ruling on the merits or the probable outcome of these cases. When these cases arose back in 2001, women were getting 79 cents to every dollar a man made. (Friedman, 2010) Solutions There are solutions that could be used in order to correct the problem Wal-Mart faces. Training, discipline, and monitoring of all employees of Wal-Mart are the best steps in the right direction. If done right, Wal-Mart can start becoming a more successful corporation that others can follow. The corporation needs to take steps in training everyone in the organization on the right and wrong things to do when it comes to diversity. Having quarterly training will give each employee an implant of the things that are wrong. Being an ethical corporation involves everyone. First, start with training your supervisors about the right and wrongfulness of favoritism in the workforce. Tell them that even the little things may be perceived as playing favoritism. Cautioned them about the negative reactions of an extra relationship between supervisor and a subordinate can lead in the wrong direction. Also keep reminding your employees the zero tolerance policy about sexual harassment. Assure people that there will be consequences if supervisors abuse their power. Wal-Mart needs to let their employees that there will be no retaliation if reports are being filed. Let your employees know that gender discrimination is all in the past. Your employees would like to know if they are being paid the same amount. Let you employees know what the pay scale is in your organization. Train your employees on the right and wrong of gender discrimination. Training has its pros and cons. The good thing about training the material is that it gets the information out there to the right people. A people need to here that there are rules and regulations that corporation has to abide by. The bad thing about training is that it can take up a lot of time while people are training. Discipline is another possible solution. Strict guidelines and closure of all cases will ensure everyone is treated equally. Make sure that if someone is sexually harassed that the supervisor or anyone in the organization will be punished. Make sure the punishment is fair and justified. Treat each case upon severity of the case. Like training, discipline also has its pros and cons. Discipline will let everyone in Wal-Mart know that the company is not playing around when it comes with sexual harassment. One thing bad about discipline is that one person may view the severity differently than another person in your organization. Then punishment may be differently and the victim may think that the harasser got off scot free. Frequent monitoring of all your employees is another way we can solve the problem at Wal-Mart. Managers should more frequently review those security cameras. Make rounds to your entire departments and ask questions about how everything is doing. Make sure you not just talk to the supervisors; also talk with all of your staff, even the janitor. The good thing about monitoring is that you can interact to your staff and it lets them know you care about them. Sam Walton would love this idea. The bad thing is that the manager will lose valuable time in his office handling paperwork. Reflection Viewing Wal-Mart after writing this report has a much more meaning to me when I go to work. I can start using my ideas to make a difference in the work place. I can spread my knowledge to my fellow workmates. I can let them know how important it is too seek help if there are any problems. Alvarez, F. , Moser, A. (2010). Targeting Employers for Gender-Based Pay and promotion Discrimination: The Next Big Thing?. Employee Relations Law Journal, 36930, 46-53. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Bielous, G. (1997). Do you play favorites?. Supervision, 58(8), 9. Retrieved form MasterFILE Premier database. Friedman, E. (2010, April). Appeals Court Rules Wal-Mart Sex Discrimination Case Can Go to Trial. Retrieved from http://abcnews. go. om/WN/Business/wal-mart-sex-discrimination-case-trial/story? id=10480510 Gibson, P. , (1998). Sexual Harassment Prevention Training Manual for Managers ans Supervisors: How to Prevent and Resolve Sexual Harrassment complaints in the Workplace. Employment Human Resources management Professional Series. Chicago CCH Incorpated. Ozbilgin, M. Pringle, J. (2009). Equality, Diversity and Inclusion at Work: a Research Companion. Cheltenham,UK, Northampt on, MA Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Thiel, J. (2008). Harassment Claim Advances. HRMagazine, 53(10),99. Retrieved from Business Source complete database.

Which Material Withstand a Fire

Which Material Withstand a Fire Introduction Fire presents one of the greatest threats to property. As such, building design and construction must take into account the wide range of fire safety features.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Which Material Withstand a Fire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Not only must the interiors and contents of buildings be protected from the dangers of fire; the building site itself must be planned to ensure accessibility of both fire departments and water suppliers. Building plan and construction procedures have changed considerably during the past century (Allen and Iano 12). A century ago, design techniques and materials, such as structural steel, reinforced concrete, and slab construction, was unknown and unimagined. In that era, major fires were common occurrences in cities. Due to combustible construction and poor city planning, whole cities were often destroyed by fire. As a result of those disaster s, increased attention was given to fire safety in building design. This paper examines the building materials that can withstand fire. Fire safety in buildings through design Before a building designer can make effective decisions relating to fire safety design, the needs of the client regarding the function of the building and the general and unique conditions that are to be incorporated into the building must be clearly identified. Decisions regarding the fire safety design and construction of the building should be made in the following areas: life safety; property protection; and continuity of operations (Association of Fire Chiefs International 12). These objectives describe the degree to which the building should protect its occupants, property contents, continuity of operations, and neighbors. The objectives should be quantified wherever possible, rather than stated in broad or general terms. Design considerations for life safety must address the question of who the occupant s of the house are and what they will be doing most of the time. The identification of a specific function patterns and constraints is vital in designing fire protection features that recognize occupant conditions and activities (Allen and Iano 15). There is an important question to be asked about the design of buildings with regard to protection of property. The requirements with regard to protection of property within a building are often fairly easy to identify. Materials of high value that are particularly susceptible to fire and or smoke can usually be identified in advance of building design. For instance, vital records that cannot be replaced easily or quickly can be identified in advance as needing special fire protection design considerations (Allen and Iano 19).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Continuity of operations, the third major area of b uilding design decision-making, must take into consideration those functions conducted in a building that are vital to continuing operation, and that cannot be transferred to another location (Association of Fire Chiefs International 38). In this regard, the owner must identify for the designer the amount of time an operation can be suspended without completely suspending total operations. Indirect loss or loss of business income must be considered as a part of this downtime. The degree of protection required in fire-safe building design varies with the number and scope of operations that are nontransferable (National Fire Protection Association 44). When the designer and owner either consciously or unconsciously overlook or ignore the possibility of fire in the building to be constructed, the building and its occupants are endangered (Allen and Iano 28). The broad approach to the fire-safe design of a building requires a clear understanding of the building’s function, the nu mber and kinds of people who will be using it, and the kinds of things they will be doing. In addition, appropriate construction and protection features must be provided for the protection of the contents and, particularly for mercantile and industrial buildings, to ensure the continuity of operations if a fire should occur (Domone 35). The fire-safety of a building will depend first on what is done to prevent a fire from staring in the building, and second on what is done through design, construction, and management to minimize the spread of fire if and when it happens. Good housekeeping is perhaps the major factor in both fire prevention and control (Allen and Iano 48). Keeping the fuel load down only lessens the amount of material that can be ignited, but provides less material that can be consumed if a fire breaks out. Once a fire has started, its spread will depend on the design of the building, materials used in construction, building furnishings and contents, methods of venti lation, and fire suppression systems, if any (National Fire Protection Association 59). These elements are within the decision-making authority of various members of the design team, based on the assumption that their fire-safety objectives are clearly defined by management, the owners, and other responsible partners, both from the private and public sectors.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Which Material Withstand a Fire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The design and construction elements should be organized in a manner that can give a quick overview of the major aspects that must be considered for fire-safety. They should also show features that include both active and passive design and construction considerations (Association of Fire Chiefs International 62). Two major categories of decisions should be made early in the design process of a building in order to provide effective fire-safe design. Early considerations should be given to both the interior building functions and exterior site planning. Building fire defenses, both active and passive, should be designed in such a way that the building itself assists in the manual suppression of fire (National Fire Protection Association 70). Interior design, circulation patterns, materials used in finishing, material, and building services are all central fire-safety factors in building plan. Building design also has a major influence of the effectiveness of the fire department operations. As a result, manual fire suppression activities should be considered during all architectural design phases. One of the important considerations in building design is access to the fire area (Allen and Iano 59). In larger and more complex buildings, serious fires over the years have brought improvements in building design to facilitate fire department operations. The larger the building, the important access for firefighting becomes. In some buildin gs where the fire fighters cannot function effectively, the best solution is provision of a complete automatic sprinkler system, supplemented by a standpipe system for fire department use (Domone 60). Ventilation is of vital importance in removing smoking, gases, and heat so that fire fighters can reach the seat of ablaze. It is difficult, if not impossible, to ventilate a building unless appropriate skylights, roof hatches, and similar devices are provided when the building is constructed. Ventilation of building spaces performs the following important functions. To begin with, it protects (Allen and Iano 62). It aids in the enhancement of the environment close to the fire by elimination of smoke and heat. This enhances fire fighters to press forward close to the fire to put it out with the least time, water, and damage (Association of Fire Chiefs International 71). It enhances control of the spread or course of fire by creating air currents that make the fire go in a specified dir ection. This enables protection of the property or those occupying the building. Lastly, it helps in the provision of a release for unburned, flammable gases before they get a flammable mixture, hence, curbing a back draft or smoke explosion (National Fire Protection Association 81).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Connections for sprinklers and standpipes must be carefully located and clearly marked. The larger and taller the building becomes, the greater the volume and pressure of water that will be needed for a potential fire (Allen and Iano 65). Water damage may be very costly unless adequate measures, such as floor drains and scuppers, have been incorporated into the building design. Confinement of a fire in a high-rise building can only be accomplished by careful design and planning for the whole building. As buildings increase in size and complexity, more dependence on suppression systems is necessary (Domone 74). Appropriate building blueprint for fire protection should take in a number of factors outside the building itself. The building site will affect the design. Among the significant considerations are traffic and transportation conditions, fire department accessibility and water supply. Inadequate water supply and poor spacing of hydrants have contributed to the loss of many buil dings (Association of Fire Chiefs International 79). Fire department accessibility response is a vital factor in building design considerations. Traffic access routes, traffic congestion at times of the day, traffic congestion from highway entrances and exits, and limited access highways have significant effects on fire department response distances and response time, and must be taken into account by building designers in selecting appropriate fire defenses for a building (National Fire Protection Association 87). As such, building designers must ensure that the building is easily accessible to fire apparatus. However, such accessibility is not always possible. When apparatus cannot come close enough to the building to be used effectively, equipment such as aerial ladders, elevating platforms and water tower apparatus can be rendered useless (Allen and Iano 79). Another important consideration in designing a house for fire safety is the water supply to the site. A building designer must ensure that the water mains are adequate and that the hydrants are properly located. The more congested the area of the building is to be located, the important it is to plan in advance what the fire department may face in its attack, if a fire occurs on the property (Domone 85). An adequate water supply delivered with the necessary pressure is required to control fire properly and adequately. The designer must also account for the water supply demands for fixed suppression systems, such as sprinklers and standpipes. These demands may reduce the supply available to the fire apparatus (National Fire Protection Association 98). Another consideration in the design of a building is the possibility of damage from a fire in an adjoining building. The building may be exposed to heat radiated horizontally by flames from the windows of the burning neighboring building. If the exposed building is taller that the burning building, flames coming from the roof of the burning building can i mpinge on and damage the exposed building (National Fire Protection Association 100). The damage form an exposed building can be severe. It is dependent on the amount of heat produced and length of exposure, the fuel load in the exposed building, and the construction and protection of the walls and roof of the exposed building. Other factors that can contribute to this severity include the distance of separation, wind direction, and accessibility of fire fighters (Association of Fire Chiefs International 125). Fire severity is a description of the total energy of a fire, and involves both the temperatures developed within the exposing fire and the duration of the burning. The severity of exposure is calculated on the width and height and the percentage of openings in the exposing wall areas and the estimated fire loadings of the buildings involved (Domone 79). Building designers should be aware that blank walls, closing wall openings, use of automatic deluge water curtains, which di scharge water directly on one of the vertical surfaces of the exposed building, and use of wired glass instead of ordinary glass could reduce the separation distance hazards between the exposing buildings (Allen and Iano 93). Materials that can withstand fire: reinforced steel and concrete The previous discussion has dealt with the considerations that should be put into place in designing a house in order to ensure that it is fire-safe. In the next section, this paper examines how buildings can be fire-safe using construction materials that can withstand fire. Construction materials that can withstand fire are found in Type I construction (Domone 86). Type I construction, also known as fire-resistive construction is the most fire-resistive category of building construction. It is used for buildings designed for large numbers of people, buildings with a high life-safety hazard, tall buildings, large-area buildings and buildings containing special hazards. Type I construction is commo nly found in schools, hospitals, and high-rise buildings (Allen and Iano 95). A building with Type I construction can withstand and contain fire for a longer period of time than buildings with Type II, III, IV, or V. The fire resistance and combustibility of all building materials are carefully evaluated, and each building component must be engineered to contribute to fire resistance of the entire building to warrant this classification. All of the structural members and components used in Type I construction must be made of noncombustible materials, such as steel, concrete, or limited combustible materials such as gypsum board. In addition, the structure must be constructed or protected so that there are at least two hours of fire resistance (National Fire Protection Association 129). If a Type I building exceeds specific height and area limitations, codes generally require the use of fire-resistive walls or floors to subdivide it into compartments. A compartment might consist of a single floor in a high-rise building or a part of a floor in a large area building. In any event, a fire in one compartment should to spread to any other parts of the building. To ensure that fire is contained, stairways, elevators shafts, and utility shafts should be enclosed in construction that prevents fire from spreading from floor to the floor or from compartment to compartment (Association of Fire Chiefs International 132). Steel is the most vital metal used in construction of buildings. It is normally accessible and relatively cheap. Without it, construction would be restricted to enormous all-masonry buildings with domed floors, or masonry wall-bearing buildings with wooden floors. Steel is very tough. Its compressive power is equal to its tensile strength. Its shear strength is almost equal to its tensile strength. This great strength makes steel members of comparatively small mass to hold heavy loads, mainly when used in trusses. Nevertheless, fire resistance, is a funct ion of mass. Such tough but lightweight members have little intrinsic fire resistance (Allen and Iano 112). Steel has several important characteristics to consider regarding its behavior in fire. To begin with, considerable elongation can occur in a steel member at normal fire temperatures. This elongation may lead to the disturbance of building components, such as masonry adjacent to the ends of the steel. If the steel cannot get longer because of restriction, it will crumple or overturn. This can be significant when other components rest on a steel chamber. At higher temperatures, steel members completely fail, bringing about the collapse of the structure. Another characteristic of steel is that it is a good conductor. As such, it transmits heat readily (Association of Fire Chiefs International 172). Often the first structure that comes to mind when steel is mentioned as a construction material is the high-rise building. The development of steel framing an engineering technique ma de it possible to erect tall buildings. The strength of steel, the consistency of its structural characteristics, and its ability to be connected to other structural elements so that loads can be adequately transferred are all-important to the use of steel as a building material. Only a few specialized buildings, such as fiberglass buildings, that are invisible to electromagnetic radiation or less affected by corrosive atmospheres, are built without steel (Domone 116). The fire effect on steel can be crucial to the stability of almost any of the building during a fire incident. Steel fire escapes are provided on many buildings. If, in good condition, they can be useful, not only in evacuating occupants, but also for fire department access. Steel reinforcing bars and cold-drawn steel tendons are vital to concrete construction in providing the tensile strength that concrete lacks. Steel is used in concrete flooring systems. Corrugated steel provides ‘left in place’ forms, which are often designed to react together with the concrete under load, thus forming a composite (Allen and Iano 121). Apart from steel, the other building material that can withstand fire is concrete. Although concrete is taken to be a contemporary building material, it has been used in the past millennia. The use of concrete has changed dramatically over the last century as poor understanding about the material, and how it is made has improved. The industry continues to evolve today as experience grows and its versatility and cost effectiveness is exploited. The design, construction method, materials used and standards of workmanship employed in the creation of a concrete structure will vary enormously according to the date of its construction. All these factors will affect the durability of the structure, and may result in particular deterioration problems that correlate to the construction period (Macdonald 103). The ability of concrete to withstand fire is dependent on the ag gregates forming it. Concrete is made up of aggregates of various sizes, broadly categorized as fine (commonly sand), and coarse (typically crushed stone or gravel), combined with cement paste (a mixture of cement and water), which acts as a binder (Macdonald 115). The greater proportion of concrete is aggregate, known as the filler, which is bulky and relatively cheaper than the cement. As the constituents of concrete derive from stone, it has been known variously as artificial stone, cast stone, reconstructed stone and reconstituted stone (Macdonald 117). The most commonly used binder in modern concrete is Portland cement. Portland cement is commercially manufactured by blending limestone or chalk with clays that contain alumina, silica, lime, iron oxide and magnesia. The compounds are heated together to high temperatures. During this process, the calcium carbonate in the limestone loses carbon dioxide, leaving the lime. The products in the clays, such as alumina and silica, are w hat provide the hydraulic properties (Macdonald 119). The heating process chemically combines these materials through partial melting of the silicates and vitrification on cooling to form compounds of silicates, aluminates and aluminosilicates in the form of a clinker. This is then finely grounded to a powder. Other cementitious binders used as partial replacements for Portland cement include blast furnace, pulverized fly ash, and silica-fume cement replacement materials. The use of different binder types varies the characteristics of the concrete, in particular its permeability to water and hence its durability (Macdonald 120). In order for concrete to withstand fire, it has to be reinforced. Concrete is known to be very strong in compression, but relatively weak in tension. To overcome this deficiency when concrete is used as a structural building material, and to combat early shrinkage and control subsequent diurnal thermal expansion and contraction, reinforcement is included in areas where tension occurs to create reinforced concrete. Steel and concrete posses similar coefficients of thermal expansion and form an effective composite section. Concrete is mixed wet, poured around the placed reinforcement into the formwork, and compacted or vibrated to expel air (Domone 142). Due to the importance of assessing the fire resistance of buildings and building materials, a great deal of work has been done to develop test procedures that assess the way building materials and structural assemblies perform under fire conditions. It is important to keep in mind that these tests must be repeatable in order to obtain uniform results from different testing laboratories. There is a possibility of approximating the damage that is caused by fire in a building. This can be achieved by examining the types and amount of materials that can burn in the building, as well as the way they are distributed. These two factors not only indicate the rate of combustion and the duration o f the fire, but also the difficult that might be encountered when automatic suppression systems are activated or when manual suppression is attempted (Allen and Iano 134). Conclusion In conclusion, in terms of fire protection, building design and construction practices have improved over the years, but far too many buildings are still not fire-safe. Many building designers, either through ignorance of for reasons of economy, do not put the necessary precautions to ensure that buildings are fire-safe. Highly combustibles contents, even in a well-designed building, can cause severe fire damage. Unprotected steel can fail quickly in a fire. Tests can be made to determine the ability of the structural elements of a building to withstand fire. Fire safety is taken for granted by many individuals until a serious fire occurs. Education of building designers, building owners, and the public can lead to truly fire-safe building design. Allen, Edward and Joseph Iano. Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2011. Association of Fire Chiefs International. Fire Inspector: Principles and Practice. New York: Jones Barlett, 2011. Domone, Peter. Construction Materials, their Nature and Behaviors. London: Taylor Francis, 2010. Macdonald, Susan. Concrete: Building Pathology. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2003. National Fire Protection Association. National Fire Codes. New York: Jones Barlett, 2006.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Essay Example 2) Assessing Risk The second step is based on the assessment of the likelihood and outcomes of the risk. This means that the frequency and probability of the risk is measured in conjunction with the severity of its outcomes. 3) Create Controls and Make Right Decisions The third step in the risk management process is the formulation of control measures for minimizing risks. R. S. Khatta (2008) elaborates that controls are most effective when the causes that lead to risk are effectively dealt with. 4) Making Right Decisions The decision committee then reviews the control options and implements those which reduce the possibility of risks to minimum. Such decisions are highly dependent on the cost. 5) Monitoring and Evaluating Controls The controls being implemented need to be evaluated precisely. Constant monitoring of controls aimed at minimizing risks is also essential. Feedbacks are generated so as to analyze the effectiveness of controls (Steven S. Wilder, 1997). Role of the Project Manager in Risk Management Process John Bartlett (2004) writes that without any second thought, a project manager can be called as the champion of risk management process. A project manager is the one who has the responsibility of ensuring that the project is being run as planned and the entire team is enthusiastically engaged. He actively communicates with the suppliers and contractors and has access to the updated financial data. Few of the roles of project manager in the risk management process include ensuring the implementation of risk management process in the project. A project manager assesses the possible occurrence and severity level of the risk. He holds the responsibility of regularly updating the risk status to the seniors. A project manager also conducts meetings to review the risk; this is essential so that he could get update information on how well the entire process of risk management is going. He agrees to possible feedback and risk control response. One of the m ost significant responsibilities of a project manager includes closely monitoring of how effective is the role that is being played by the risk management team in the whole process. From these roles discussed in the previous sentences, we can get a clear idea that a project manager is the backbone for the successful implementation of risk management in any project. Benefits of Risk Management Risk management has obvious benefits in the step of project planning. Risk Management offers a structured framework which is an integral part of the planning process. It presents ways to maximize opportunities and minimize risks. It promotes the optimal utilization of resources in the project. With the help of risk management, there is an increased flow of communication between project members. The senior management gets a precise picture of the identified risks that may affect the project as well as the measures aimed at reducing those risks. The accountability pattern becomes more organized a nd improved. Decision making becomes effective due to the risk management process. The objectives of the project become more clear and achievable due to the involvement of risk managemen

Environmental Data Analysis literature Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Environmental Data Analysis - Literature review Example foundations into the concept of interdependence of all the entities on this planet, where everyone is dependent on each other to some extent that arises the integration of all these entities into one single place to fulfil all the needs, as argued by (Steger, 2013). However, it happened in a number of years and will be going on further, while it was appeared as a concept for the first time in the nineties (Steger, 2013). The concept of Globalisation has many notions and variants that are significant to study, and the purpose of this review is to elaborate this phenomenon from different perspectives existing on the concept, its variants and conceptions, and to evaluate how it has affected the world’s economy. The review has divided into different sections, where the first section has elaborated the time when the concept of globalisation was emerged. Then further sections have detailed different viewpoints existing in the literature over this phenomenon, where it is comprehended that how different scholars and practitioners have viewed the basics of these concepts. After reviewing the literature regarding the different perspectives of globalisation, the next sections have detailed the changings and alterations that have happened due to this phenomenon, where the impact of globalization in every aspect of life is evaluated either it is positive or negative. The concept of globalisation has been much prevalent for last two decades, however, it has happened as a phenomenon for many years ago (Modelski, 1972). It can be argued that the globalisation laid its foundation when there was happened a first exchange of goods or services between the two countries. The emergence of the phenomenon of globalisation was started right after the World War II, when a number of nations required US experience and expertise in the field of technology and industrial development due to the fact that these nations were much affected by the World War II (Dallmayr, 1998). While Massey

The Simpsons & a typical sitcom Essay Example for Free

The Simpsons a typical sitcom Essay Evaluate the extent to which The Simpsons follow the conventions of a typical sitcom. Refer to specific episodes that you have watched to support your evaluation. As T. V was getting more and more popular some shows had started, which fitted into a category of Sitcoms. These types of shows were both humorous and situational. The type of comedy which was comic devices like violence which is funny in cartoons or in real life the way the people fight and when some one gets hurt it brings a sense of comedy. There were a variety of different devices used examples include: Satire- this was a way of making jokes of stereotypes most people in America are stereotypes. Gags- In the sitcom it shows there were a lot of gags (jokes) used to make the show funny and more interesting. Slapstick- this was used a lot not only in cartoons but also in real life you would see idiotic people running into walls or slipping over banana peals. These sitcom shows were short. Normally what would happen is that there would be a situation but at the end everything will turn out to be OK and the situation would be dealt with. In most sitcoms when something funny would happen you would hear canned laughter it is an audience laugh recorded. Sitcoms were based on middle class homes/workers and about normal American/British families. The episodes werent in any sort of order any episode would come on. You would have main characters like the family and then the other characters friends, neighbours and other family/relatives etc. The narrative structure becomes a problem and it needs to be sorted out, at the end everything is back to normal, it is a simple plot. In the opening sequence of a sitcom called The Simpsons they show different stereotypes. The show is about a normal American middle class family. The father in this family is Homer Simpson who is a fat lazy slob he is definitely a stereotype because a lot of people are like him. In the opening sequence he is introduced when we go into the power plant he is doing dangerous work with a radioactive rod, which is glowing, there is a caution sign behind him, when the whistle blows to go home he drops everything takes his gas mask of. The radioactive rod bounces and falls into the back of his collar this shows how careless he is and it shows his stupidity. This is because he didnt care where the rod fell or even realized it fell he just wants to get home. In every Family you have a little devil that in the Simpsons appears to be Bart Simpson we see him at school writing lines on the board (he is in detention). Each episode he is writing something different and they are humorous for example I will not encourage others to fly the bell rings and he runs out of school, gets onto his skate board and goes home as he goes past chief Wiggum who is a police officer who waves his stick at him when Bart goes past him to slow down or to stop but Bart goes off. Also in every family you have an angel and in the Simpsons it is little Lisa Simpson she is intelligent and bright. In the opening sequence she is shown to be talented we see her in a music class she is playing a saxophone and she is very good at it. Marge is a stereotype as she stays at home and nurturing the children she doesnt go out as she is stuck with the household domestics e. g. cooking, shopping, cleaning etc. In the opening sequence she is shopping and she is not paying attention to Maggie who is on the till and she gets scanned at is put into the shopping bag Marge realises that Maggie is missing and she gets worried but Maggie pops her head out of the shopping bag and then they go home. The family get home at the same time. The episode that I had watched was Simpsons roasting on an open fire. A simple plot of this episode is that the family go out to do the Christmas shopping and Bart goes of and gets a tattoo Marge sees him and immediately takes him to get it removed unfortunately she spends all the Christmas money to get it removed she thinks she can use Homers Christmas bonus to use on Christmas. Meanwhile homer is at work and he finds out that he isnt getting a Christmas bonus so he thinks the family can use the money they saved not knowing Marge has spent it. When the family get home Homer finds out that the money they saved up has been spent to get Barts tattoo being removed Homer doesnt tell the family that his Christmas bonus is cancelled so he works in a superstore as Santa Clause. Bart finds out about this and at the end of Homers job he only gets $13. 00 so him and Bart go to the derby they lose but they bring the dog that they chose home because he was kicked out the derby so at the end every one is happy. In the Simpsons Homer is shown to be stereotyped because in America you would find a lot of people like him, he is not well educated, hes lazy, and he eats and drinks a lot, there are a lot of people in America like him but still though these people are stereotyped at the end they are all kind and loving towards there families. Homer would usually come home from work eat dinner with his family then he would either sit and watch telly or go out to Mos and have a drink with his friend. Another familiar character is Bart hes always in trouble and doing bad things, hes a rebel, and his family doesnt discipline him but only by his teacher who makes him write lines after school on the black board and it doesnt really help him. In the opening sequence when we see Barts school he is in detention writing out lines on the black board from there we can see that he is a bad boy and when he skates down the streets there are a lot of children who are exactly like this. Characters who are not part of the family lie Nelson Muntz hes in Lisas class and he is a typical bully who is normally hitting Bart or bullying other children. He is a stereotype because in every school or town you have a bully. He hangs around with a boy called Jimbo Jones and two other characters together they cause a lot of mischief. As always you have a group of bullies. Chief Wiggum is a stereotype like Homer he is fat lazy and doesnt do his job properly he is also very stupid (he is a police man). In one episode Bart is told to look after Maggie but while he is watching T. V she goes of with Homers car she zooms past chief Wiggum hes eating a donut and drinking coffee he says oh look theres a baby driving a car, and look theres a dog driving a bus he doesnt do anything about it. This shows how lazy he is and a stereotyped person. The Simpsons is not to fit into a stereotype of a typical sitcom. We analyse the episode The Simpsons Roasting on an open fire in this episode we see that the Simpsons, although different to what we have previously seen on typical sitcoms, they do love each other at the end of the day. The family are stereotyped of a normal everyday family. They are not perfect and they do have many problems but they are a healthy family. They are individually stereotyped in their own ways. Marge is a typical mother because like most housewives she is stuck at home with household domestics and looking after Maggie but she is more independent than other women in her position. Homer is very irresponsible he is clumsy and he is dumb. He is the father of the family he provides and cares for them but as we see Homer in the episodes he is shown to be really stupid but at the end of the day he does love, care and provide for the family. The children as a whole are very bright they have done a number of things for example Bart always catches out side-show Bob while he is planning something evil and Lisa helps her brother a lot she is very clever and saved her fathers life during a heart operation. The children do love their family and care for each other.

Cloning :: essays research papers

Why ban cloning? For one, the many deformed, stillborn, diseased and dead animals created on the way to making Dolly. As must as we’re being told that human cloning is just around the corner, in fact, even the scientists who are most successful at cloning have a very poor track record making cloned animals. (5) Although cloning experts claim that their work would help infertile couples, the experience with animal cloning has shown that scientifically, the experiment generates ethical concerns just as it is still replete with a lot of risks for the offspring. There are reasonable grounds that urge caution about this new advance in genetic engineering without being techno-phobic. (3) Already human cloning violates existing laws in some countries while in some other countries such as United Kingdom where human cloning is not yet banned legally, the government is contemplating legislating against it for reproductive purposes. Cloning for therapeutic reasons is allowed in UK on a limited scale. The outrage against human cloning is some places are such that in Italy the medical authorities are considering withdrawing Dr. Anthinori’s license if he insists on the practice. (3) In an Illinois Republican’s judgment, â€Å"It is critical that both state and federal lawmakers look carefully at upcoming legislation to ban cloning to ensure that scientific advances which may sure fatal diseases are protected. (2) Congressmen observes, that no one really knows what discoveries might yet be made in treating debilitating diseases as the human cloning issue is aired and determined by congress. (2) Florida introduced the banning of cloning, but then quickly withdrew because it would have banned cloning of humans and the cloning of DNA. Many do not want cloning to be totally banned because it is important to innovative scientific research, which may spin off from the cloning technique. (2) Cloning for ultimate medical purposes should be contained to animals and agriculture, and not be extended to humans. Congress takes attention to carefully and cautiously takes part in crafting cloning legislation that precludes cloning humans. (2) President Clinton and a number of congressional members already have nixed human cloning. â€Å"No longer can it be done, but should it be done? Are there potential outcomes for medicines that are worth exploring?

Microeconomics in my Life

The role of microeconomics in every person’s life is enormous; therefore, it is very important to study it. The objects of microeconomics surround us all the time. Microeconomics studies the aspects of functioning of all companies, and we deal with various companies throughout our lives. I shop for food and clothes in stores, go to movie theaters to see popular movies, buy stationary at Home Depot, transfer funds through banks. All of these companies function according to certain laws, which are all studied in microeconomics. My favorite brand of car is Toyota, and microeconomics is able to determine what the most efficient volume of production for the company is. It is able to give the managers an answer to the question of what the most efficient combination of their resources should be, i.e., how many employees they should employ, how many materials they should get from suppliers and many other issues. We constantly have to go shopping, and deal with prices which are established according to supply and demand, cost of production and other factors. Whenever the price of tomatoes in the store goes to the roof, we usually see a note in the store that the crops in Florida turned out not as large as it was predicted or that the hurricanes destroyed all of the crops. Even though the same tomatoes cost half the price just a short time ago, we realize that the law of supply and demand has been efficiently applied here. The demand for tomatoes remained the same, but the supply decreased dramatically and thus prices were destined to increase. I also deal with the concept of elasticity all of the time. Companies never make discounts on products the demand for which is inelastic because the volume of sales is going to remain stable anyway. Therefore, there is usually hardly a chance for me to get such products for a lower price. However, I am always a good shopper when it comes to products with high elasticity because companies decrease their prices on such items from time to time to attract more customers. For example, there is always a chance to buy some clothes on sale. I deal with the concept of utility all of the time in my life as well. Some of the products have a high level of utility for me, and I am going to buy them at any price because I am simply unable to live without them. For example, DVD’s of my favorite movies are extremely valuable for me, and I am ready to pay any money to be able to see my favorite actor or actress. At the same time, some items have a very low utility for me, and only low price on such items is able to attract me. I am the type of person who always judges products by their utility for me and not by how fashionable they are. Like every person, I am forced to deal with various market forms, such as perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, or monopolistic competition. In most cases, I see the market of monopolistic competition because there are very many items with slightly different features. The market of the United States has very many companies which produce similar items but try to attract consumers by unique features and by efficient advertising. For example, there are very many producers of cars in the United States. There are also many multinational companies based in the United States which produce cars, for example, Japanese Toyota, Korean Honda and many others. They all produce cars which have quite similar features. All of these manufacturers come up with various models of cars so that they can attract people who like sports cars, who have children, who need to travel in the mountains, or who need fuel-efficient cars. Every manufacturer tries to come up with some unique feature which competitors do not have. To some extent, it is very good for me as a consumer because competitors are fighting for customers and thus they constantly introduce new great deals for us. I am able to fight the model of the car which I want and perhaps even get it at a lower price. I also often deal with oligopolistic competitors. The market of providers of wireless phones is not as large as the car market. There are some major players in it, and I have to choose among the most powerful of them. It was very challenging for me to decide whether to use the services of T-Mobile or Verizon, but I finally made a choice for Verizon. Oligopolistic competitors can be very difficult for analysis because they usually make different steps according to the steps of their competitors. Since there are very few competitors in the market, it is very important for oligopolists to bring their actions in accordance with the actions of the competitors. Oligopolists also often sign various agreements with one another in order to control the market. For example, I often see that when T-Mobile introduces new offers, Verizon follows this company with very similar offers. Since I am a consumer, the knowledge of microeconomics can greatly help me to take a choice in different type of the market. Another concept of microeconomics which I am destined to face is externalities. I often read in newspapers how government does its best to take care of various kinds of externalities. I know many plants which pollute water and atmosphere, and in my opinion, it is very good that government makes such companies pay higher taxes or install purifying systems in order to eliminate the impact of its pollution. In conclusion, it is necessary to say that microeconomics is one of the disciplines the concepts of which can be seen everywhere. The knowledge of these concepts helps me to make smarter choices in life and understand different phenomena better. All of the consumer decisions are being made on the micro level, and that is why it is very important for every person to have a deep knowledge of microeconomic concepts. Bibliography. Baumol, William J., John Panzar, and Robert Willig. Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1982. Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue. Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies. Eleventh Edition. 1996. Curwen Peter, Else Peter. Principles of Microeconomics. Unwin Hyman. 1990. Cullis, J. G. and Jones, P. R. Microeconomics and the public economy: a defence of Leviathan Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1987.

Hedda Gabler Essay

Throughout the years people have developed an image of how a particular gender should act. In the play Hedda Gabler, the characters that are involved challenge and conform the gender stereotypes through verbal and non-verbal text. The author â€Å"Henrik Ibsen† has displayed characters such as Hedda Gabler and Julianne Tesman to challenge their stereotypical gender behaviors. Hedda Gabler, the play’s main character, challenges the common gender stereotype of a woman by portraying Gabbler as a person who has a thirst for being free. Gablers father, General Gabler is one of the main influences of her behavior challenging her feminine role. An example is ‘Tesman- â€Å"My old morning shoes, my slippers look! †¦ I missed them dreadfully. Now you should see them†. Hedda- â€Å"No thanks, it really doesn’t interest me†. This portrays Gabler showing no affection to Jorgen Tesman’s slippers. The way Hedda is not interested in Tesman’s slippers shows her little care for affection towards Tesman. This challenges the common gender stereotype because women are stereotyped to be affectionate and sensitive. Hedda Gabler is furthered portrayed by having masculine traits by non-verbal aspects of her character by having a pistol, Hedda-â€Å"[lifting the pistol and aiming] I’m going to shoot you, sir!† Brack- â€Å"No, no, no! Don’t stand there aiming that at me.† This quote represents the gun symbolically representing her masculinity and at this point, Hedda using it empowers her and used to gain some sought of power over Brack. The gun seen as a non verbal aspect of the play clearly representing Hedda Gabbler in a masculine way challenging the common stereotype of her gender. The gun, a phallic symbol, is Hedda projecting her masculinity. The way she always shows the gun, aiming it at Brack and talking about the gun to Tesman alarming him. Brack towards the end of the play blackmails Hedda about the death of lovburg and to avoid he being publically disgraced must tend to the will of Brack, â€Å"Brack-â€Å" Willingly every single evening, Miss Tesman. We shall have a very pleasant time here you and I† Hedda – â€Å"Yes that is what you are looking forward to isn’t, Mr. Brack? You as the only cock in the yard.† Hedda then kills herself representing her making sure Brack does not get the upper hand over her and gets the ultimate freedom from men trying to dominate her. Hedda Gabler also shown to hate thought of pregnancy rejecting the common gender stereotype. This is shown through a conversation between Julie Tesman and Hedda Gabler: Tesman – â€Å"Yes but have you noticed how plumped she’s grown, and how well she is? †¦ How much she has filled out on her travels?† Hedda – â€Å"I’m exactly the same as I was when I went away.† This quote represents that Hedda resents the idea of her being pregnant and will avoid the topic completely. Through this Hedda further rebels against her gender stereotype by not wanting to have kids which all women at that time where expected to have. She further rebels against this concept by ultimately her death by suicide. Through killing herself it shows the ultimate rejection of society’s expectation for a female and projects Hedda’s resent to conform. Julie Tesman is a character in the play that conforms to the female gender stereotype. Julie Tesman portrays this in the paly by constantly asking Tesman if Hedda is pregnant â€Å"Yes but have you noticed how plumped she’s grown, and how well she is? †¦ How much she has filled out on her travels?† which is important because she believes she should be. The fact that Julie Tesman serves Jorgen Tesman implements that she works for men a common female gender stereotype that women work for men. The fact that Julie Tesman will sacrifice everything for Jorgen shows her as mother figure toward Jorgen. Julie is seen as a mother figure, which shows that she is conforming to a female gender stereotype. In the play Hedda gabbler the author has created characters that challenge and conform to the common gender stereotypes. Hedda gabbler through being portrayed as masculine and always not wanting to be controlled sows how she challenges the female gender stereotype. Julie Tesman portrayed as a caring, old mother figure conforms to a female gender stereotype because of her show of affection, fragility and seen as a mother figure. Through the use of verbal and non-verbal aspects the author has projected these two characters to conform and the other to rebel against the common gender stereotype.

Rap.. Offensive essays

Rap.. Offensive essays 103.5 Kiss F.M. all of todays hit music... or is it todays most revolting music? Some people like it, some people think its Okay, and some people are completely outraged at what they say. A couple songs are all right, but then the other ones are degrading and have a negative influence on most listeners. The ones that arent degrading and have some kind of a bad influence are either disturbing, or not child appropriate. I think they should add some restrictions to what they can say but not a lot because this IS a free country. Rappers have their rights to freedom of speech and the people arent forced to listen to their song, freedom of choice. When children hear the things on the radio they often think that it is okay to do what the singers say because theyre rich, some how respected, and they make it seem that its alright to do what they say. Many children or teenagers started to take drugs, drink, or even commit suicide because they heard things like that on the radio. The rappers or hip hop singers dont notice what they say or what they do just for money. They make kids start doing things like swear, start fights, and do badly in school because of what they hear on the radio. Thats one of the reasons why I think they should start making stricter restrictions on the radio. Today, most songs are becoming worse and worse, not they are getting a bad beat or something its what they say about women and how much they degrade them. I dont understand how people like those songs at all. I even tried not to pay attention to the lyrics and I still couldnt listen to them. The most recent song like this is Candy Shop by 50 Cent. He talks about girls and such and the video is horrible. I think they shouldnt write anything about women the way that song does. Yet another reason they should add more restrictions to what they say. ...

Happy Feet Movie Quotes

'Happy Feet' Movie Quotes Live your life to the fullest. Dont be afraid to be yourself, no matter who you are. These are the heart-warming lessons you learn through the song-and-dance animated movie Happy Feet. The movie takes place in Antarctica in the home of the emperor penguins. Each penguin sings a heartsong to attract a mate, but young Mumble is a terrible singer. Mumble can tap dance though, and he eventually wins over his heartthrob with his clever footwork. George Miller, the writer-director of Happy Feet, used sophisticated computer animation to create this visual treat. The voice-overs by Nicole Kidman, Hugh Jackman, Robin Williams and Elijah Wood are part of why Happy Feet won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. For Penguin lovers, here is a collection of memorable Happy Feet quotes. Ramon Just a moment... I hear people wanting something... ME! We got  personality  with a capital Y. Why? Because were hot! I like big tails and I cant deny! Oh, hes leaving! Oh, no! That was his face! I dont care where you come from, that has got to hurt! STOP! Lemme tell something to  joo... I know size can be daunting... but dont be afraid... I love you! Yeah, I saw an animal do that once and then they rolled him over and he was dead. You did everything  penguinly  possible. Dont feel so bad, my father also called me a pitiful loser, look how I turned out. Seymour Dont push me cause I am close to the edge. Im trying not to lose my head. Gloria, I adori ya, Id like to see more o ya! Its like a jungle sometimes, it makes me wonder how I keep from goin under! Remember stranger danger... Watch out for leopard seals and them killer whales! Lovelace Ladies, please avert your eyes, cause Ive been known to hypnotize. Enraged by their indifference, he followed them long after they had gone from his sight. He swam further than any of us had before, past all hope of return. Swept up by the currents, he was carried endlessly, across vast oceans, to worlds unknown. Hear me! Theres not enough love in the world. Turn to the penguin next to you, put your flippers up, fluff him up a little bit and give him a great big hug! Go forth and multiply! I must retire now to my couch of perpetual indulgence.   Baby Gloria Is it empty? Can I have it? [to Mumbles unhatched egg]   Mumble Let me tell something to joo! When I find out whats happening to the fish, Ill be back! Its just like ... singing, with your body. Im speaking plain penguin! Leopard Seal Come here, sausage. I take you with ketchup! Remember, dumplings, I know where you live ...

Learning and development in working with young people Essay

Learning and development in working with young people - Essay Example Therefore, Madcap main idea is to assist these groups of young children by allowing them to explore themselves and put their ideas into practice and things they want to achieve by giving them the opportunity (Steve, Madcap Sequence, 7). Practices and Work There are a number of practices involved in this learning centre as it comprises of different young people with diversified interest to pursue. Because of this, the youngsters work in music projects on their own as the learning centre gives them support towards achieving their ideas. The workers help them in building confidence to enable them cope with their ideas and realize the value of their own ideas. Thereafter, the workers leave them to allow them exploit the opportunities. The workers role is to give them the opportunity and assist them with minimal help towards realizing their ideas. Similarly, the youngsters undergo gauging to make them have insights of what they are involved by shedding more light into their own projects ( Steve, Madcap Sequence, 7). This is a practice meant at ensuring that youngsters develop insights and understand their projects more so music to better their values and outcomes as well as to bring what is good about it. Madcap is concerned with recording music produced by the youngsters. It offers the available support to its youngsters to enable then listen and produce their music to meet their objectives. From the scripts, James came to record his music by recording it with the help of Steve who is one of the workers responsible for their training (James, Madcap Sequence 1). The role of the worker is to ensure the availability of recording equipments and facilities. Therefore, the main role is played by the youngsters in ensuring they achieve their dream from the assistance got from workers. In Madcap, the workers are not judgmental, and this aims to promote their talents by encouraging them to doing what inessential for them. Creativity of the youngsters is promoted in the proje cts in the initial stages, as they are kept smiling and feeling the sense that their ideas have values. Youngsters also role out the plans, which outlines what is taking place and ways of achieving them. This may comprise of different activities besides just completing the project offered by the learning centre. They also give the centre the details of the purpose of what it they want to achieve from their projects. Their goals may be to develop a compact disk (cd), live performance or just to set lyrics and the centre helps them towards achieving (Steve, Madcap Sequence, 7). Madcap provides assistances to youngsters in different activities that they have developed interests. It empowers the youngsters on how they can develop their talents, come up with raw ideas, and help them achieve. The project discourages duplication of ideas as it wants to help young people come with new projects, which are unique and do not exist (Man in Cap, Madcap Sequence, 2). Because of this, the centre d iscourages mixing music and asks youngsters to come with unique ways of arranging instruments used in mixing to make it a unique idea. From this perspective, they help young people in playing instruments mostly guitars (Girl Madcap Sequence, 2). The project coaches students towards realizing their potentials and developing ideas they have by giving them necessary support where they experience challenges. The work

Investment & privet banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Investment & privet banking - Essay Example ts of the developing countries but to those markets that are exposed in high risks because of their structure – for example the USA market is a risky one as USA is a global center of commerce; at the next level, USA has an extremely high export activity which means that appropriate mechanisms need to exist for the management of the relevant funds. Particular reference is made to the USA market because the specific market is closely related with current recession – a phenomenon that led to the need for immediate update of existing investment practices. More specifically, the last decade the firms operating in the US financial sector have promoted a specific investment tool: the sub-prime loans. These financial products were initially considered as an appropriate solution for a high profit; however, the potentials for repayment of the loans on which these products were based were not taken into consideration. At the same time, a specific framework of banking activities wa s formulated: the private banking (or wealth management). Private banking has been a secure (alternative) solution for those investors that would like to increase their wealth through innovative investments decisions and proactive investment planning. Indeed, the private banking helped the market to be kept stable when the recession was initially developed – in early 2008. However, the private banking has a weak point (which is considered also as its advantage): it is provided only to customers with high investment ability (those customers that their wealth is extremely high). When the recession first appeared the private banking, as noted above, helped to minimize – as possible – the effects of the crisis. However, it was soon proved that investors that had chosen the specific mode of banking support had suffered severe financial losses. Managers in the banking sector worldwide started then to integrate the private banking in other sectors of their organization s. The specific issue has